RF Health

The objective of the RF Health Metric is to simplify troubleshooting, and open the possibility to have “automated system” to quickly detect bad RF areas, without to visit the location

Basically, trying to answer the “where in my hundreds of APs should I look first ?”

Main objectives

RF Health is a value from 0 to 100 to represent a simple-to-understand metric with the RF quality state of AP radio (0% is dead, 100% is fully healthy )

Each different RF metric has its own health score on 0-100 scale. It is easier to understand this scale, compared on how difficult to understand would be “a possible cochannel interference on RSSI -47 with 20 clients attached”, or an open scale metric.

The idea is to translate either by simple correlation or by algorithm mapping, different RF metrics into multiple simple metrics of 0-100 values.

Worst metric selection

The current implementation forces the “top level” AP health to be the lowest of all individual RF metrics, instead of averaging. Different summarization mechanisms could be implemented based on deployment type (i.e. on high density , it is more important to care about co-channel/noise/client count while on high speed deployments, it is better to focus on low client Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) and co-channel interferer)

Data Summarization

Data is summarized per AP or flex profile, or tag, then per frequency band and then per WLC (in that order).

The summarization level resulting RF health is not the average of devices inside it, as it would hide several bad scenarios (0 + 100=50). It is marked as good/medium/bad, based on which percentage of elements are on good health, etc (i.e. if a third of elements are on <40%, it is marked as bad).

RF Health would represent the “easy to understand” 0-100 metrics, with the raw data be available through the “RF Stats” view, covering the same summarization levels. The Health part is for the common admin/user, quick to be looked at, easy to understand, and the stats view would be useful for troubleshooting/low level analysis

RF Health indicators

Co-Channel Neighbor Utilization

This gets a list of APs operating on the same channel as the current AP, and puts a weight on each one, adding a metric based on the neighbor current channel utilization versus the “distance” from the AP (nearby data). It correlates nearby APs versus their activity affecting current AP. Impact of each AP on same channel is added. The objective is that APs which are closer to current AP ( higher RSSI) with a higher channel utilization, will have a larger impact on RF health

Co-Channel Overlapping

This gets the list of nearby Aps on the current channel, and correlates their current operating power (Transmit Power Control - TPC) versus their current RF distance (nearby data). It creates a relation of nearby Aps against their operating power on how much overlap they have on the current operating channel of the evaluated AP.

Objective is to represent that Aps which are closer to current AP ( higher RSSI) with a higher operating power, will have a larger impact on RF health, independently of their current TX utilization. it is accumulative impact for all APs on same channel as the evaluated AP

Noise Side Channel

This metric will correlate a detected noise impact to the current operating channel, vs the “channel distance” where the noise was detected

It has 2 different operational modes:

In 2.4 GHz case: We need to assign a lowering impact depending on the distance of the channel where the noise is seen. Same channel is 100% impact, next channel is 80, then 40%, etc..

For example, if the AP is on channel 1, noise in channel 5 impact is lowered as 20% impact

Then the noise measurement is converted into a 0 to 100 scale (compensated noise). Noise below -80 dBm is considered 0 impact, noise above -50 dBm is 100% impact

In 5.0 case: If noise is on a side channel (i.e. AP is on 100, noise is on 104), we subtract 36 from the detected noise power level (this is based on channel mask averaging for 11a operation. Static value obtained is as a “good enough simplification”). The tool will take into consideration channel bonding (40, 80, 160)

Noise Same Channel

Extension of the previous procedure. Noise measurement is converted into a 0 to 100 scale (compensated noise). Noise below -80 dBm is considered 0 impact, noise above -50dBm is 100% impact. No “side channel” subtraction is done, so this is basically direct conversion of received noise power level to a 0-100 scale based on the above parameters

Co-channel interference

Similar to noise correlation, but applied to other wifi activity on the channel. The range is different, as normally APs can coexist with Interference (wifi activity) better than with random noise. A value of -50 is considered 100% full impact, -90 is considered 0% impact. Interference has a value of “time” percentage in RRM metrics. We convert anything higher than 30% time as full impact (100%),

Adjacent channel interference

Similar to noise correlation. The range is different, as normally APs can coexist with interference (wifi activity) better than with random noise. A value of -50 is considered 100% full impact, -90 is considered 0% impact/ Interference has a value of “time” percentage in RRM metrics. We convert anything higher than 30% time as full impact (100%),

Low SNR Clients

Objective is to convert clients connected on bad SNR levels (<=20dBm) to a 0 to 100 scale. Aps that continuously have a high count of low SNR clients will either indicate a radio problems on the nearby Aps (causing Aps to roam/use this one) , a coverage problem (bad deployment) or a client roam bug (sticky client) it is not evaluated for AP with less than 5 clients

Radio Utilization

(Modified in v.0.13) This is a view on "good" channel utilization, vs "bad" channel utilization Good is what the AP is transmitting or receiving, and bad would point to what is seen in the channel (energy) that is not part of AP activity We want good utilization, as it means the AP is performing its expected function, so this metric will highlight when non-AP, or ad utilization is higher than AP activity

Cleanair Interferers

Target here is to convert non-wifi detected devices to a 0-100 scale. The metric checks the device Duty Cycle (40% is translated as 100% impact), versus the channel (100% impact for on channel, plus reduces impact for side-channel scenarios in 2.4), versus the RSSI measured for the signal

Channel Change Health

(New in v0.13) This correlates channel changes versus AP uptime in days, and flags APs that are having more than 4 channel changes per day, as that could negatively impact clients